The Ultimate Guide to Superchargers: Types, Pros, and Cons

By Anthony Liotta
2 min read

What is a Supercharger?

A supercharger is a device that forces more air into an engine’s combustion chamber, increasing power output. Unlike turbochargers, which rely on exhaust gases, superchargers are driven by the engine’s crankshaft, delivering instant boost and improved throttle response.

Whether you're building a high-performance street car or tuning a track beast, choosing the right type of supercharger is critical. Let’s break down the three main types:

1. Roots Supercharger

Overview

The Roots-type supercharger is one of the oldest and most recognizable designs. It uses two meshing lobes to force air into the intake manifold.

Pros

  • Immediate power: Delivers boost at low RPMs for strong acceleration.

  • Simple design: Easy to maintain and install.

  • Classic appearance: Popular in hot rods and drag racing.

Cons

  • Less efficient: Generates more heat due to air compression outside the combustion chamber.

  • Bulky size: Takes up significant engine bay space.

  • Noisy operation: Known for its characteristic whine, which may not appeal to everyone.

2. Twin-Screw Supercharger

Overview

The twin-screw supercharger compresses air internally using a set of interlocking rotors. It’s similar to the Roots type but more advanced in design.

Pros

  • Highly efficient: Compresses air inside the unit, resulting in cooler air and more power.

  • Broad power band: Offers consistent boost across the RPM range.

  • Improved fuel economy: Compared to Roots, it’s more thermally efficient.

Cons

  • More expensive: Higher manufacturing complexity leads to increased cost.

  • Challenging to install: Requires precise tuning and fitting.

  • Louder than centrifugal: Though quieter than Roots, still produces noticeable noise.

3. Centrifugal Supercharger

Overview

This type uses a belt-driven impeller, similar to a turbocharger, to draw and compress air. It’s often mounted to the front of the engine.

Pros

  • High efficiency: Produces cooler air and more top-end power.

  • Compact design: Smaller footprint makes it easier to fit in tight engine bays.

  • Customizable boost: Ideal for tuning and high-RPM performance.

Cons

  • Delayed boost: Less power at low RPMs; boost builds with engine speed.

  • Complex install: Often needs custom brackets and piping.

  • Not ideal for low-end torque: Better suited for track or highway performance than city driving.

Which Supercharger is Right for You?

Use Case Best Supercharger Type
Daily Driving Roots or Twin-Screw
Drag Racing Roots or Twin-Screw
Road Racing Centrifugal
Budget Build Roots
High-Efficiency Build Centrifugal or Twin-Screw

Your choice should depend on your performance goals, budget, and vehicle type. If you need instant torque, go for Roots or Twin-Screw. If you're after high-revving power and efficiency, a centrifugal supercharger is the way to go.

Final Thoughts

Each supercharger type has its strengths and weaknesses. Whether you're chasing quarter-mile times or looking to spice up your daily commute, understanding how each system works will help you make the best decision.

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